Esophageal Carcinoma, Histological types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic points, Investigation for diagnosis and staging, curative and palliative treatment, Chemotherapeutic Drugs, Common surgical Procedures
Esophageal Carcinoma: Common Histological types: Squamous cell carcinoma (Middle Third of esophagus) Adenocarcinoma (Lower Third of esophagus) Causative Factors: Squamous cell carcinoma: Smoking Alcohol Vitamin A, C, Zinc, Molybdenum deficiency. Long standing achalasia Celiac disease Strictures Nitrosamines diet Human Papilloma virus Adenocarcinoma: Long standing GERD Barrett’s oesophagus Obesity High fat intake High alcohol intake Presenting Complaints: Dysphasia(Most Common): Initially for solids then progress to Liquid as well. Weight loss Retrosternal discomfort Anemia Cervical Lypmphadenopathy Hoarseness of voice:Involvement of recurrent laryngeal nerve or direct invasion of the tumour into vocal cord. Stridor, Coughing, choking and aspiration pneumonia.(extension of the tumour into Tracheobronchial Tree. Tylosis: Hyperkeratosis of Palms and soles. Diagnostic Points: Age > 45 years Progressive Dysphagia Recent unintentional weight loss. Anem...